Background: CYSTIC echinococcosis (CE), called HYDATIDOSIS, is caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus spp. This disease is reported from different parts of Iran, where numerous cyst surgeries are done. It has been determined that there are different genotypes of E. granulosus. A particular genotype of E. granulosus may create different clinical symptoms. Therefore, we used molecular methods to determine the genotypes of hydatid cysts surgically removed in Birjand hospitals. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, all available paraffin-embedded samples (9 cases) of patients during 2006 to 2015 who underwent surgery for HYDATIDOSIS were studied. The diagnoses were confirmed retrospectively by pathologists from the department of pathology, Birjand University of Medical Sciences. The profile of cyst size, location, and fertility of the cysts were recorded and their mitochondrial cox1 and nad1 genes were sequenced. The data were analyzed using bioinformatics software to identify their genotypes. Results: All the HUMAN isolates (8/9) except one were genotype G6 of Echinococcus canadensis, while one isolate belonged to G1 genotype (sheep strain) of E. granulosus sensu stricto (s. s. ). The localization of the parasite in the patients infected withG6wasdetermined to be as follows: liver (3), lung (3), and intra-abdominal (2). In the patient infected with genotypes G1 of E. granulosus, the cyst was isolated from the abdominal cavity; only this patient had undergone a previous surgery for the treatment of hydatid cysts. All the nad1 sequences of G6 cysts of E. canadensis belonged to a haplotype, which was the case of cox1 sequences. Conclusions: It seems that the main cause of HUMAN HYDATIDOSIS in South Khorasan province is genotype G6 of Echinococcus canadensis. It should be noted that CE caused by G6 genotype grows faster than those caused by G1. Some studies have revealed a higher tendency of this genotype to infect the brain and pulmonary tissue that shows the clinical significance of G6 genotype in this region.

Introduction: CYSTIC HYDATIDOSIS is recognized as one of world's zoonosis. This is caused by an infection with the metacestode stage of Echinococcus granulosus parasite. Diagnosis is important from both healthy and economical point of view. Therefore, in this study titer of specific immunoglobulin (IgE, IgG) in cyctic echinococcusis patients was evaluated.Methods: Blood samples were taken from 43 HYDATIDOSIS patients who were under operation. The Immunofluorescence antibody test (I.F.A.T) was performed with frozen section of protoscolices for the titer of specific antibodies (IgE, IgG) titer.Results: An increase in the serum of IgG and IgE were seen. The titer of specific IgE was higher than IgG. Results also indicated that specific antibodies titer were higher in patients with liver cysts in comparison with lungs cysts. Discussion: The measurement of specific immunoglobulin (IgE, IgG) with IFA technique is an useful method for the diagnosis of HYDATIDOSIS. High level of IgE as compared to IgG can help more in terms of diagnosis and follow up.

HYDATIDOSIS, caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus, is one of the most important zoonosis with worldwide distribution. As its diagnosis by clinical symptoms and scanning alone is difficult and confusing, we designed the present study to achieve a sensitive and simple diagnostic method for epidemiological studies. Sera (250 samples) were collected from 90 cases of HYDATIDOSIS proven by surgical operation, 80 patients with diseases other than HYDATIDOSIS and 80 healthy cases. The antigen (Ag) used was a crude hydatid fluid Ag obtained from lung and liver cycts of sheep slaughtered in Tehran abattoir (Iran). The result of dot-ELISA showed 100% sensitivity and 98.75% specificity . Positive and negative predictive values were 97.82% and 100% respectively. In the case of sandwich ELISA, the results were as follows: 92.22% sensitivity, 98.75% specificity, positive and negative predictive values: 97.64% and 95.75 %, respectively. In both techniques, cross reaction with fasciolosis was observed for two cases. In conclusion, although these two tests had very similar results, dot-ELISA was more acceptable with respect to its higher sensitivity and simplicity in practice.

CYSTIC echinococcosis caused by Echinococcus spp. is considered endemic in Iran. To clarify the present status of HYDATIDOSIS in Iran the present review article is presented. Authentic databases and search engines from 1996 onwards were utilized to enquire the situation of the disease in Iran. HUMAN HYDATIDOSIS is responsible for approximately 1% of admission to surgical wards and the rate of HUMAN infection is 0.6-1.2/100000. The usual order of involvement, i.e. liver, lung, and other organs, respectively is documented here as well. Risk factors include contact with dog, eating vegetable, geophagy and contact with sheep. Dogs play a critical role in transition the HYDATIDOSIS. The rate of infection with E. granulosus in stray dogs shows a prevalence of 5% to 49% in different parts of Iran. Followed by sheep with 88% fertilized cysts, camel with 70%, and cattle with 19% have been considered as the most important and the weakest intermediate host of E. granulosus, respectively. Molecular analyses clearly indicate that the camel/dog strain (G6 genotype) of E. granulosus as well as the cosmopolitan, common sheep strain (G1 genotype) occurs in Iran. A wide variety of livestock including sheep, cattle, goat, camel and buffalo also harbor the disease. E. multilocularis another agent of HUMAN HYDATIDOSIS (alveolar cyst) is reported here as well and from 1946 to 1993, 37 cases of HUMAN alveolar echinococcosis were reported from northwestern Iran. HYDATIDOSIS must be considered as a dilemma in Iran because of its endemicity in the country.

Background: HYDATIDOSIS is one of the most prevalent zoonotic diseases worldwide. So far no survey was conducted to determine the rate of HUMAN HYDATIDOSIS in Golestan Province, so using IFA and ELISA tests the prevalence of this disease was detected in patients referred to health centers in this province.Methods: Totally 1024 serum samples were collected from patients referred to different health centers in 4 cities of Gloestan Province including Gorgan, Gonbad kawoos, Aliabad Katool and Kordkoy. All the sera were examined using IFA and ELISA tests.Results: Twenty four cases (2.34%) were positive for HYDATIDOSIS in Golestan Province using IFA, whereas 22 cases (2.15%) showed positivity using ELISA. Gorgan, Gonbadkaoos, Aliabad Katool and Kordkoy demonstrated the rate of positivity as 1.41%, 2.40%, 5.36% and 2.30%, respectively, but no significant difference was seen. As to positivity, there was no significant difference between age groups, sex, different cities and rural or urban life, but a significant different was seen according to job and literacy (P< 0.001). According to Job and literacy, housewives and illiterates had the highest rate of infection as 3.67% and 3.72%, respectively. As regards residency, urban life showed no significant difference with rural life (2.47% vs. 2.45%). Age group of 40-49 years old had the highest rate of positivity (3.95%). Females were more infected than males (3.16% vs. 1.93%).Conclusion: The rate of prevalence in this province shows somehow a resemblance with the other cities in Iran. Considering the lifestyle in this province a complementary study is suggested in all related cities.

Background: CYSTIC echinococcosis (CE) is one of the most important parasitic zoonosis in the world. Post-surgery follow up in CE patients is an important non-solved problem up to now. Therefore, the investigations on this problematic issue would be very applicable in the view of CE clinical treatment. Methods: A total of 24 confirmed liver CE patients sera including eight sera before surgery (BS), eight sera three months post-surgery (3MPS), and eight sera six months postsurgery (6MPS) were used in the present study. Proteomics methods including 2DE and LC-MS/MS were performed on the specimens followed by bioinformatics analysis such as Gene Ontology (GO) and Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) network analysis. Results: A total of 235 proteins were detected of which 12 differentially expressed proteins (DEP) were identified by LC-MS/MS in all sera. The proteins were presented in BS and suppressed after surgery as follows: HPX, SERPINA1, SERPINC1, CP, HBD, and HBA2. Comparisons of the protein expression in sera of patients BS, 3MPS, and 6MPS revealed that GC, IGJ, AHSG, CD5L, FGG, and APOC3 have been overexpressed in 3MPS and 6MPS. PPI network analysis demonstrated that SERPINC1 and AHSG with more connection in the network could be considered as hub proteins and potential prognostic biomarkers in response to surgical treatment of liver CE. Conclusion: Application of proteomics methods on patient’ s sera could be used as a novel biomarker tool for following-up liver CE patients. In this regards, proteomics and, application of bioinformatics analysis including GO and PPI showed that SERPINC1, AHSG and HPX are of more value as a potential follow up biomarkers in response to surgical treatment.

Serologic methods are the most important techniques for the diagnosis of HYDATIDOSIS. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diffusion in Gel-ELISA (DIG-ELISA) for serodignosis of HUMAN HYDATIDOSIS. The DIG-ELlS A is a simple and sensitive ELISA test without the need for absorbance reader. The method combines the diffusion of antibodies in agar with the EIA concept in petri dishes. To standardize the test, 105 sera were evaluated in three groups: HYDATIDOSIS patients (40), healthy donors (20), and patients without other parasitic and non-parasitic diseases (45). DIGELISA was indicated as the most sensitive, specific and efficient method in 1:200 and 1:400 serum dilution. Hence diameter of reaction zones at those titers were selected for the cut-off (7:52 mm and 5.06 mm respectively). Sensitivity, specificity and efficiency of DIG-ELISA for 1:200 serum dilution was evaluated to be 95.2%, 95.6% and 95.4% and for 1:400 serum dilution 97.6%, 97% and 97.3% respectively. DIG-ELISA was found to be easy to setup in a moderately equipped laboratory. This test proved to be useful for field diagnosis considering the advantage of eliminating the need of an absorbance reader.

A total number of 4138 sera from apparently healthy volunteers living in 8 different provinces of the western part of Iran were collected and tested by a standard ELISA. Of those, 3908 (94.45%) were negative and 230 (5.55%) were positive. The results are monitored according to ethnic groups, sex, age, occupation, training, province and season.